President Roosevelt authorized the Bronze Star Medal by Executive Order 9419 with the following commentary.

“There is hereby established the Bronze Star Medal, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances, for award to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States on or after December 7, 1941, distinguishes, or has distinguished, himself by heroic, or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight, in connection with military or naval operations against an enemy of the United States.”